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7.5
HIGH CVSS 3.1
CVE-2025-61594
URI Credential Leakage Bypass over CVE-2025-27221
Overview
Description

URI is a module providing classes to handle Uniform Resource Identifiers. In versions 0.12.4 and earlier (bundled in Ruby 3.2 series) 0.13.2 and earlier (bundled in Ruby 3.3 series), 1.0.3 and earlier (bundled in Ruby 3.4 series), when using the + operator to combine URIs, sensitive information like passwords from the original URI can be leaked, violating RFC3986 and making applications vulnerable to credential exposure. This is a a bypass for the fix to CVE-2025-27221 that can expose user credentials. This issue has been fixed in versions 0.12.5, 0.13.3 and 1.0.4.

Details
INFO

Published Date :

Dec. 30, 2025, 9:15 p.m.

Last Modified :

April 16, 2026, 6:16 p.m.

Remotely Exploit :

Yes !

Source :

[email protected]
Impact
Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2025-61594 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

ID Vendor Product Action
1 Ruby-lang uri
: Total Affected Vendor : 1 | Products : 1
Scoring
CVSS Scores
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardized framework for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems. We collect and displays CVSS scores from various sources for each CVE.
Score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Score Impact Score Source
CVSS 3.1 HIGH [email protected]
CVSS 4.0 LOW a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa
CVSS 4.0 LOW [email protected]
CVSS 4.0 LOW [email protected]
Solution
Update the URI module to a patched version to prevent credential exposure.
  • Update the URI module to version 0.12.5 or later.
  • Update the URI module to version 0.13.3 or later.
  • Update the URI module to version 1.0.4 or later.
References
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools

Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to CVE-2025-61594.

URL Resource
https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-22h5-pq3x-2gf2
https://github.com/ruby/uri/security/advisories/GHSA-j4pr-3wm6-xx2r
https://hackerone.com/reports/2957667
https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2025/02/26/security-advisories
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2025-61594 is associated with the following CWEs:

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2025-61594 weaknesses.

CAPEC-13: Subverting Environment Variable Values Subverting Environment Variable Values CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client Exploiting Trust in Client CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction Session Credential Falsification through Prediction CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay) Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay) CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding CAPEC-116: Excavation Excavation CAPEC-169: Footprinting Footprinting CAPEC-224: Fingerprinting Fingerprinting CAPEC-285: ICMP Echo Request Ping ICMP Echo Request Ping CAPEC-287: TCP SYN Scan TCP SYN Scan CAPEC-290: Enumerate Mail Exchange (MX) Records Enumerate Mail Exchange (MX) Records CAPEC-291: DNS Zone Transfers DNS Zone Transfers CAPEC-292: Host Discovery Host Discovery CAPEC-293: Traceroute Route Enumeration Traceroute Route Enumeration CAPEC-294: ICMP Address Mask Request ICMP Address Mask Request CAPEC-295: Timestamp Request Timestamp Request CAPEC-296: ICMP Information Request ICMP Information Request CAPEC-297: TCP ACK Ping TCP ACK Ping CAPEC-298: UDP Ping UDP Ping CAPEC-299: TCP SYN Ping TCP SYN Ping CAPEC-300: Port Scanning Port Scanning CAPEC-301: TCP Connect Scan TCP Connect Scan CAPEC-302: TCP FIN Scan TCP FIN Scan CAPEC-303: TCP Xmas Scan TCP Xmas Scan CAPEC-304: TCP Null Scan TCP Null Scan CAPEC-305: TCP ACK Scan TCP ACK Scan CAPEC-306: TCP Window Scan TCP Window Scan CAPEC-307: TCP RPC Scan TCP RPC Scan CAPEC-308: UDP Scan UDP Scan CAPEC-309: Network Topology Mapping Network Topology Mapping CAPEC-310: Scanning for Vulnerable Software Scanning for Vulnerable Software CAPEC-312: Active OS Fingerprinting Active OS Fingerprinting CAPEC-313: Passive OS Fingerprinting Passive OS Fingerprinting CAPEC-317: IP ID Sequencing Probe IP ID Sequencing Probe CAPEC-318: IP 'ID' Echoed Byte-Order Probe IP 'ID' Echoed Byte-Order Probe CAPEC-319: IP (DF) 'Don't Fragment Bit' Echoing Probe IP (DF) 'Don't Fragment Bit' Echoing Probe CAPEC-320: TCP Timestamp Probe TCP Timestamp Probe CAPEC-321: TCP Sequence Number Probe TCP Sequence Number Probe CAPEC-322: TCP (ISN) Greatest Common Divisor Probe TCP (ISN) Greatest Common Divisor Probe CAPEC-323: TCP (ISN) Counter Rate Probe TCP (ISN) Counter Rate Probe CAPEC-324: TCP (ISN) Sequence Predictability Probe TCP (ISN) Sequence Predictability Probe CAPEC-325: TCP Congestion Control Flag (ECN) Probe TCP Congestion Control Flag (ECN) Probe CAPEC-326: TCP Initial Window Size Probe TCP Initial Window Size Probe CAPEC-327: TCP Options Probe TCP Options Probe CAPEC-328: TCP 'RST' Flag Checksum Probe TCP 'RST' Flag Checksum Probe CAPEC-329: ICMP Error Message Quoting Probe ICMP Error Message Quoting Probe CAPEC-330: ICMP Error Message Echoing Integrity Probe ICMP Error Message Echoing Integrity Probe CAPEC-472: Browser Fingerprinting Browser Fingerprinting CAPEC-497: File Discovery File Discovery CAPEC-508: Shoulder Surfing Shoulder Surfing CAPEC-573: Process Footprinting Process Footprinting CAPEC-574: Services Footprinting Services Footprinting CAPEC-575: Account Footprinting Account Footprinting CAPEC-576: Group Permission Footprinting Group Permission Footprinting CAPEC-577: Owner Footprinting Owner Footprinting CAPEC-616: Establish Rogue Location Establish Rogue Location CAPEC-643: Identify Shared Files/Directories on System Identify Shared Files/Directories on System CAPEC-646: Peripheral Footprinting Peripheral Footprinting CAPEC-651: Eavesdropping Eavesdropping CAPEC-168: Windows ::DATA Alternate Data Stream Windows ::DATA Alternate Data Stream

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2025-61594 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

Results are limited to the first 20 news articles due to potential performance issues.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2025-61594 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Apr. 16, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Changed Description URI is a module providing classes to handle Uniform Resource Identifiers. In versions prior to 0.12.5, 0.13.3, and 1.0.4, a bypass exists for the fix to CVE-2025-27221 that can expose user credentials. When using the `+` operator to combine URIs, sensitive information like passwords from the original URI can be leaked, violating RFC3986 and making applications vulnerable to credential exposure. Versions 0.12.5, 0.13.3, and 1.0.4 fix the issue. URI is a module providing classes to handle Uniform Resource Identifiers. In versions 0.12.4 and earlier (bundled in Ruby 3.2 series) 0.13.2 and earlier (bundled in Ruby 3.3 series), 1.0.3 and earlier (bundled in Ruby 3.4 series), when using the + operator to combine URIs, sensitive information like passwords from the original URI can be leaked, violating RFC3986 and making applications vulnerable to credential exposure. This is a a bypass for the fix to CVE-2025-27221 that can expose user credentials. This issue has been fixed in versions 0.12.5, 0.13.3 and 1.0.4.
    Added CVSS V4.0 AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
    Removed CVSS V4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
    Added CWE CWE-200
    Added Reference https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-22h5-pq3x-2gf2
    Added Reference https://github.com/ruby/uri/security/advisories/GHSA-j4pr-3wm6-xx2r
    Added Reference https://hackerone.com/reports/2957667
    Added Reference https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2025/02/26/security-advisories
    Removed Reference https://github.com/ruby/uri/commit/20157e3e29b125ff41f1d9662e2e3b1d066f5902
    Removed Reference https://github.com/ruby/uri/commit/7e521b2da0833d964aab43019e735aea674e1c2c
    Removed Reference https://github.com/ruby/uri/commit/d3116ca66a3b1c97dc7577f9d2d6e353f391cd6a
    Removed Reference https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/uri/CVE-2025-61594.yml
    Removed Reference https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2025/10/07/uri-cve-2025-61594/
    Removed Reference Type https://github.com/ruby/uri/commit/20157e3e29b125ff41f1d9662e2e3b1d066f5902 Types: Patch
    Removed Reference Type https://github.com/ruby/uri/commit/7e521b2da0833d964aab43019e735aea674e1c2c Types: Patch
    Removed Reference Type https://github.com/ruby/uri/commit/d3116ca66a3b1c97dc7577f9d2d6e353f391cd6a Types: Patch
    Removed Reference Type https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/uri/CVE-2025-61594.yml Types: Vendor Advisory
    Removed Reference Type https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2025/10/07/uri-cve-2025-61594/ Types: Vendor Advisory
  • Initial Analysis by [email protected]

    Feb. 24, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
    Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:ruby-lang:uri:*:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:* versions up to (excluding) 0.12.5 *cpe:2.3:a:ruby-lang:uri:*:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:* versions from (including) 0.13.0 up to (excluding) 0.13.3 *cpe:2.3:a:ruby-lang:uri:*:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:* versions from (including) 1.0.0 up to (excluding) 1.0.4
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/ruby/uri/commit/20157e3e29b125ff41f1d9662e2e3b1d066f5902 Types: Patch
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/ruby/uri/commit/7e521b2da0833d964aab43019e735aea674e1c2c Types: Patch
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/ruby/uri/commit/d3116ca66a3b1c97dc7577f9d2d6e353f391cd6a Types: Patch
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/uri/CVE-2025-61594.yml Types: Vendor Advisory
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2025/10/07/uri-cve-2025-61594/ Types: Vendor Advisory
  • New CVE Received by [email protected]

    Dec. 30, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Description URI is a module providing classes to handle Uniform Resource Identifiers. In versions prior to 0.12.5, 0.13.3, and 1.0.4, a bypass exists for the fix to CVE-2025-27221 that can expose user credentials. When using the `+` operator to combine URIs, sensitive information like passwords from the original URI can be leaked, violating RFC3986 and making applications vulnerable to credential exposure. Versions 0.12.5, 0.13.3, and 1.0.4 fix the issue.
    Added CVSS V4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
    Added CWE CWE-212
    Added Reference https://github.com/ruby/uri/commit/20157e3e29b125ff41f1d9662e2e3b1d066f5902
    Added Reference https://github.com/ruby/uri/commit/7e521b2da0833d964aab43019e735aea674e1c2c
    Added Reference https://github.com/ruby/uri/commit/d3116ca66a3b1c97dc7577f9d2d6e353f391cd6a
    Added Reference https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/uri/CVE-2025-61594.yml
    Added Reference https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2025/10/07/uri-cve-2025-61594/
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.
CVSS
Vulnerability Scoring Details
Base CVSS Score: 2.7
Attack Vector
Attack Complexity
Attack Requirements
Privileges Required
User Interaction
VS Confidentiality
VS Integrity
VS Availability
SS Confidentiality
SS Integrity
SS Availability
Base CVSS Score: 7.5
Attack Vector
Attack Complexity
Privileges Required
User Interaction
Scope
Confidentiality Impact
Integrity Impact
Availability Impact